ABSTRACT
The intestinal absorption properties of the main effective components (glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritigenin, 6-gingerol, ginsenoside Rb1, atractylode-I) in Lizhong decoction (LZD) extracts were investigated with an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats. UPLC-TQ-MS was used to determine the concentration of the five components in the intestinal perfusion. Animal welfare and experimental procedures were in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. As evaluation indexes for the intestinal absorption characteristics, the absorption rate constant (Ka) and the apparent permeability coefficient (Peff) of the five main ingredients were analyzed. Results showed that the best absorption sites for glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritin and 6-gingerol were the ileum, colon and duodenum, respectively, and the differences between different intestinal segments were statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no notable difference in Ka and Peff between ginsenoside Rb1 and atractylode-I in the different intestinal segments (P > 0.05), suggesting that they were absorbed throughout. The five components were well-absorbed in the whole intestine (Peff > 1.0×10-3 cm·min-1), indicating that LZD is suitable for preparing sustained, controlled release and enteric-coated preparations.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass for the determination of five biflavones. Method: Chromatographic separation was carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) with gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.10%formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1,and the column temperature was set at 35℃. Result: Amentoflavone,bilobetin,ginkgetin,isoginkgetin,sciadopitysin showed a good linearity within the ranges of 0.02-13.20 mg·L-1(r=0.996 3),0.05-23.60 mg·L-1(r=0.995 5),0.09-18.60 mg·L-1(r=0.992 7),0.10-21.00 mg·L-1(r=0.998 8),0.06-16.00 mg·L-1(r=0.996 7),with average recoveries of 101.50%,98.78%,97.59%,97.24%,101.09%, and RSDs of 2.7%,2.7%,3.1%,2.8%,1.3%. The contents of amentoflavone,bilobetin,ginkgetin,isoginkgetin,sciadopitysin ranged between 121.30-434.74,268.39-847.14,251.80-1 297.10,195.87-691.10,477.48-3 003.90 μg·g-1. The total biflavones ranged between 1 474.45-5 635.40 μg·g-1. It shows a certain regularity that the low-vinegar leaves contain higher total flavonoids,and the total flavonoid content gradually decreases with the increase of tree age. Conclusion: The method was simple, and can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biflavones.
ABSTRACT
This study established a rapid UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method for determination of eight active ingredients in Lilium lancifolium. The contents range of regaloside E, F, C and B are as follows: 0.604 0×10⁻¹-18.62×10⁻¹, 0.680 0×10⁻²-44.75×10⁻², 0.700 0×10⁻³-29.65×10⁻¹, 0.170 0×10⁻¹-4.724 mg•g⁻¹; the contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechualdehyde and ferulic acid, within the range of 6.827×10⁻³-16.07×10⁻³, 0.011 1×10⁻³-79.71×10⁻³, 0.593 7×10⁻³-2.962×10⁻³, 2.606×10⁻²-45.89×10⁻² mg•g⁻¹, respectively. According to PCA (principal components analysis) plotting, 35 batches can be divided into two categories, namely Anhui Huoshan and Hunan Longshan. The main different elements between these two categories are caffeic acid and ferulic acid according to the VIP (variable importance in the projection) points figure. Based on comprehensive principal component values, there are eight batches of L. lancifolium from Huoshan among the comprehensive ranking of ten. The UPLC-TQ-MS method for simultaneous analysis of eight active ingredients is accurate, efficient and convenient. This result can provide scientific basis for quality control of L. lancifolium.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the stability and the conversion rules of cantharidin and cantharidic acid contained in the Mylabris aqueous solution under different conditions. The contents of cantharidin and cantharidic acid under different conditions (pH, temperature and light) were determined by HPLC-TQ-MS. The results showed that the content of cantharidin was gradually decreased with the rising of pH value, while on the contrary, the content of cantharidic acid was increased gradually; after Mylabris aqueous solution with different pH values were placed at 25, 40 ℃ and 25 ℃ respectively for lighting for 90 days, the samples were collected for analysis. The results showed the contents of cantharidin and cantharidic acid were changed greatly in the first 10 days, mainly including the decrease of cantharidic acid and increase of cantharidin when the solution was acidic, and the increase of cantharidic acid and decrease of cantharidin when the solution was alkaline. After that, the contents of the above two components basically remained stable. This study revealed that pH was the main factor to affect the contents of cantharidin and cantharidic acid, and they could be converted into each other with the changes of pH value. High temperature and light can accelerate the speed of achieving such balance. The study can provide certain reference for the quality control of the medicines using the Mylabris as raw material.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the nutritional ingredient in the pollen of Gingko biloba and provide the theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of pollen of G. biloba. Methods: The nucleosides and dissociative amino acids in the pollen of G. biloba were detected by UPLC-TQM. The content of nucleosides in pollen of G. biloba was calculated with the help of UPLC-TQ/MS, and the mineral elements in the pollen of G. biloba were determined by ICP-AES. Results: In pollen of G. biloba there were 24 abundant dissociative amino acids accounting for 62.316 mg/g totally. In this number, dissociative essential amino acids accounted for 6.23 mg/g with the highest content of 17.11 mg/g aspartic acid (ASP). Meanwhile, a small quantity of taurine, approximately 0.24 mg/g, has been tested out. Furthermore, there were 16 kinds of nucleosides in the pollen of G. biloba. Among those nucleosides, guanosine made up for the highest percent with 251.99 μg/g while other nucleosides accounted for a low percent. In pollen of G. biloba, K is the most abundant with 26.301 mg/g, followed by Ca with 7.076 mg/g, Mg with 5.361 mg/g, and Fe with 2.545 mg/g. As to the heavy mental elements, as and Cd were not found in it. Conclusion: From above analysis, pollen of G. biloba can provide the theoretical basis for the development of health-care food with pollen of G. biloba.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the effect of different penetration enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of nine active components in Shaofu Zhuyu Transdermal Patches (SZTP) across skin of mice and optimize the proper penetration enhancers in order to provide the scientific basis for SZTP research, clinical medication, and reform of the traditional forms. Methods: Using improved Franz diffusion cells and taking isolated rat abdomen skins as transdermal barrier, the concentration of these components was determined by UPLC-MS/MS, then the total factor scores of the concentrations at different time were calculated using PCA and employed instead of the concentration to compute the cumulative amounts and steady fluxes. Results: The results showed that compared to the control group, the steady fluxes of the other groups increased significantly, and furthermore, 2.5% azone with 2.5% propylene glycol manifested the best effect. The nine components could penetrate through skin well under the action of penetration enhancers. Conclusion: Azone and propylene glycol could significantly promote the percutaneous penetration effect of the nine active components in SZTP, and it could provide a scientific basis for the preparation research of SZTP.